NISO Z39.7-201X, Information Services and Use: Metrics & statistics for libraries and information providers - Data Dictionary
Draft for Trial Use. A proposed revision to the 2004 edition of the standard.
Foreword
(This foreword is not part of this proposed American National Standard for Information Services and Use: Metrics & statistics for libraries and information Providers – Data Dictionary, NISO Z39.7-201X and is intended for information only.)
This standard was first published in 1968 as ANSI Z39.7-1968, reaffirmed in 1974, revised in 1983 (ANSI Z39.7-1983),in 1995 (ANSI/NISO Z39.7-1995) and in 2004 (ANSI/NISO Z39.7-2004).
The 2004 revision took the path of developing an interactive web-based utility for identifying standard definitions, methods and practices relevant to library statistics activities in the United States (US). Like the previous editions of Z39.7 the aim of the standard remains: to assist librarians and researchers [now defined as the information community] by indicating and defining useful quantifiable information to measure the resources and performance of libraries and to provide a body of valid and comparable data on American libraries.
The 2004 revision differed significantly from its predecessors in its approach. The charge to Standards Committee AY charge to revise the standard closely matched recommendations from the NISO Forum on Performance Measures and Statistics for Libraries, held February 15-16, 2001 in Washington, D.C. At this Forum, current standards and best practices for library statistics and performance measures were discussed and identified as critical to the next edition of Z39.7. The 2004 revision absorbs the de facto definitions established through the national program for collecting data about libraries (i.e., the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) survey program), and absorbs relevant US association definitions, methods and practices of data collection. The value of this approach is that it recognizes the guidelines and best practices in the area of library statistics across the community, not only at the national survey level. As in the 1995 edition, most of the data elements included appeared on one or more of the national and association surveys. In addition, relevant definitions from the international standard ISO 2789 developed by the International Organization for Standardization have been incorporated. Many other valuable resources were taken into account in the course of this revision. The appendices to this standard list the publications and projects considered.
Suggestions for improving this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the National Information Standards Organization, One North Charles Street, Suite 1905, Baltimore, MD 21201-3727, telephone (301) 654-2512.
Table of Contents
Data Dictionary
6.2.1 Federal Government Capital Revenue
6.2.2 Local Government Capital Revenue
6.2.3 Other Sources of Capital Revenue
6.2.4 State Government Capital Revenue
Introduction
1.1 Scope
This standard identifies categories for basic library statistical data reported at the national level, and provides associated definitions of terms. In doing so it deals with the following areas: reporting unit and target population, human resources, collection resources, infrastructure, finances, and services. In addition, the standard identifies new measures associated with networked services, databases, and performance. These measures are reported at a variety of levels, and at the time of this writing were slowly being incorporated into national library statistical data reports.
The standard is not intended to be comprehensive in scope. Instead, it presents a framework for comparable library data by describing common elements pertaining to libraries of various types in the US. It does not address detailed statistics for specific areas where it seems more appropriate for experts in those areas to make recommendations (e.g., music, government documents and maps).
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to assist the information community in the identification, definition, collection, and interpretation of statistical data used to describe the current status and condition of libraries in the US. In addition, it assists that community in collecting the data necessary to support research and analysis directed toward improving the performance of libraries and enhancing library effectiveness.
1.3 Application
This standard is primarily for library managers and those who collect data from libraries. For library managers, the standard indicates categories for measurement of library resources, services and activities, staffing, and infrastructure. For data collectors, the standard indicates categories for consideration in constructing data collection instruments. The standard also provides guidance to others interested in information about statistical measures related to library services. Appicability of this standard may be at the local, state, national or international levels.
1.4 Format
The format of this standard is by section, category, and then by subcategory. Sections are broad in scope, categories provide more precise divisions within a section, and subcategories provide the most specific division within a section. The categories and subcategories are organized alphabetically, to the extent possible. E-metrics are arranged as categories or within subcategories as appropriate. The six sections, including brief descriptions, are:
Reporting Units http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section2
Describes types of libraries, the entity that has administrative or budgetary control, and the populations served by each. Staffing is described under section "Human Resources."
Human Resources http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section3
Describes all levels of staffing associated with each library type.
Collections http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section4
Describes broad collection categories in all formats.
Infrastructure http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section5
Describes facilities, including capacity and technology.
Finances http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section6
Describes broad categories of revenue (e.g., income) and expenditure by type and source.
Services http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section7
Describes broad categories of services provided by libraries including hours of operation, as well as other metrics associated with understanding library use both tangible and virtual.
In addition to formal sections, there are five appendices:
Appendix A: Methods of Measurement http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixA
Appendix B: Measuring the Use of Electronic Library Services
http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixB
Appendix C: Measuring Public Library Networked Services: Preparing Your Library to Collect Network Statistics http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixC
Appendix D: References in Developing the Z39.7-2002 Revision http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixD
Appendix E: National and International Efforts Regarding Electronic Metrics http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixE
1.5 General Principles
The following general principles are the basis of this standard:
1.5.1 Data categories are mutually exclusive as far as possible.
1.5.2 Collection resource categories are based on the following sources: Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition, revised; and MARC21 Format for Bibliographic Data Including Guidelines for Content Designation.
1.5.3 Data categories are constructed to provide annual figures as far as possible.
1.5.4 The standard suggests that data be collected so that expenditures can be reported both for all serials and for individual formats because serial publications in all formats are an increasingly important factor in library budgets. See Section 6 Finances
1.5.5 Most data categories in the standard are common to current instruments used to collect data from academic, public, and school libraries by the federal government and other national agencies and associations. Beyond this common level, the standard identifies other data categories currently collected from one or more types of libraries but not from all. Those categories are identified in the database through metatags. The library types include: public, state, academic, school, special, network & cooperative.
1.5.6 Categories of data may be provided by a source other than the library. Therefore, a source notation is made in each Section category. The sources are: library, vendor.
1.5.7 The 2002 revision of this standard acknowledges national survey instruments as well as guidelines and "best practices." Therefore, the applicability of the definition, method and measurement require delineation. The applicability metatags are: local, state, national, and international.
1.5.8 A metatag has been included to advise the user whether the data category represents a total that can be aggregated. The aggregate metatags are: yes, no.
1.5.9 The e-metrics appear at the end of each category within each section. As with all other categories, the e-metrics include a definition, method for collecting, and measurement recommendation.
1.6 Using the Library Statistics Data Dictionary (LSDD)
There are a variety of navigation options within the LSDD, including
- Linking to specific categories, sections and subsections within the full data dictionary via the Table of Contents
- Browsing alphabetically in the Index to the Current Document
2 Reporting Unit and Primary Target Population
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1 Reporting Unit
The reporting unit varies by type of library but is generally the entity that has administrative and budgetary control.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: no
2.1.1 Academic Library
A library forming an integral part of a college, university, or other academic institution for postsecondary education, organized and administered to meet the needs of students, faculty, and affiliated staff of the institution. Note: An academic library's population may include undergraduate and graduate students as well as faculty. The central library facility normally reports for branch and independent libraries (e.g. law or medical libraries) of a particular institution or campus.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic
Aggregate: yes
2.1.2 Administrative Unit
Any independent library, or a group of libraries, under a single director or a single administration. Note 1: The term "independent" does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognizably separate unit, typically within a larger organization. Note 2: Typically the administrative unit is an organization containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.3 Bookmobile
A bookmobile is a traveling branch library. It consists of at least all of the following:
- A truck or van that carries an organized collection of library materials.
- Paid staff.
- Regularly scheduled hours (bookmobile stops) for being open to the public.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: public, school, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.4 Branch Library
A branch library is an auxiliary unit of an administrative entity which has at least all of the following:
- Separate quarters.
- An organized collection of library materials.
- Paid staff.
- Regularly scheduled hours for being open to the public.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.5 Government Library
A library maintained to serve any government service, department or agency, or parliament, including international, national and local (regional) government organizations.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.6 Health Services/Medical Library
A library which serves health service professionals in hospitals or elsewhere, whether in the private or public sector. Note: Pharmaceutical company libraries should be included under Industrial/Commercial Library.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.7 Industrial/Commercial Library
A library in any industrial enterprise or business firm, maintained by the parent organization to serve the information needs of its staff. Note: Includes libraries maintained by information and management consultants, manufacturing and service industries and libraries of commercial legal practices.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.8 Law Library
A typical law library will include in its collection a large number of works not seen in other libraries, including a full set of United States Reports, one or both of the unofficial U.S. Supreme Court reporters, the West National Reporter System, the West American Digest System, official reporters from various states, the Federal Register, volumes of American Jurisprudence, bound volumes containing issues of prominent law reviews from around the country, federal and state statutes and regulations (such as the United States Code and Code of Federal Regulations), and a variety of treatises, encyclopedias, looseleaf services and practice guides.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.9 Library Cooperative
A Library Cooperative (network, system, and consortium) is an organization that has a formal arrangement whereby library and information services are supported for the mutual benefit of participating libraries. It must meet all of the following criteria:
- Participants/members are primarily libraries.
- The organization is a U.S. not-for-profit entity which has its own budget and its own paid staff.
- The organization serves multiple institutions (e.g., libraries, school districts) that are not under the organization's administrative control.
- The scope of the organization's activities includes support of library and information services by performing such functions as resource sharing, training, planning, and advocacy.
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: cooperative, network
Aggregate: yes
2.1.10 Main Library
A main or central library is a single outlet library or the library which is the operational center of a multiple-outlet library. Usually all processing is centralized here and the principal collections are housed here.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.11 National Library
A library that is responsible for acquiring and conserving copies of all relevant documents to the country in which the library is located; it may function as a legal deposit library. Note 1: It will also normally perform some or all of the following functions: produce the national bibliography, hold and keep up to date a large and representative collection of foreign literature including documents about the country; act as a national bibliographic information center; compile union catalogues; supervise the administration of other libraries and/or promote collaboration; coordinate a research and development service, etc. Note 2: The definition of 'national library' allows for more than one in a country.
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.12 Public Library
A library that serves all residents of a given community, district, or region, and (typically) receives its financial support, in whole or part, from public funds. Public libraries make their basic collections and services available to the population of their legal service area without charges to individual users. Products and services beyond the library's basic services may or may not be provided to the public, with or without individual charges. Individual charges may be assessed to library users outside the legal service area of the library. In addition to including the tax-supported municipal, county, and regional public libraries, this definition includes privately-and federally-controlled libraries governed by single board of trustees or other authority, and administered by a single director. Examples of public libraries include:
- A city library with its branches.
- A county, multicounty, or regional library with outlets functioning as branches.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: public
Aggregate: yes
2.1.13 School Library Media Center
A library that is an integral part of the educational program of an elementary or secondary school providing materials and services that meet the curricular, information, and recreational needs of students, teachers, and administrators. This entity may be called a library, media center, resource center, information center, instructional materials center, learning resource center, or some other name.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: school
Aggregate: yes
2.1.14 Special Library
A special library is a library within a business firm, professional association, government agency, hospital, research institution or other organized group; a library maintained by a parent organization to support a specialized clientèle; or an independent library that may provide materials or services or both to the public, or to other libraries. Special libraries are sometimes called information centers. Scope of collections and services are limited to the subject interests of the host or parent organization and usually have depth within those subject areas.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.15 State Library Agency
A State Library Agency is the official agency of a State charged by the law of that State with the extension and development of public library services throughout the State, and has adequate authority under the law of the State to administer State plans in accordance with the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA).
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: state
Aggregate: yes
2.2 Primary Target Population
The primary target population varies by type of library. It is the group of persons for which the library (reporting unit) has been established to offer services and from which it derives its identity. The primary target populations are noted in each subcategory. Secondary populations served are not included. It is recommended that library service mission, policies, and/or guidelines be consulted to understand the target populations for any given library or information organization.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.2.1 Academic Library Target Population
An academic library's target population may include undergraduates and graduate students as well as faculty.
- 2.2.1.1 Faculty: Full time.
- 2.2.1.2 Faculty: Part time.
- 2.2.1.3 Graduate and First Professional Students: Full Time.
- 2.2.1.4 Graduate and First Professional Students: Part Time.
- 2.2.1.5 Undergraduate Students: Full Time.
- 2.2.1.6 Undergraduate Students: Part Time.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic
Aggregate: yes
2.2.2 Network and Cooperative Target Population
The target population for a library network or cooperative is the participating libraries.
- 2.2.6.1 Academic Libraries.
- 2.2.6.2 Public Libraries.
- 2.2.6.3 School Library Media Centers.
- 2.2.6.4 Special Libraries.
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: cooperative, network
Aggregate: yes
2.2.3 Public Library Target Population
The target population of a public library is the population of the legal service area.
Population of the Legal Service Area
The total unduplicated population of those areas in a state that receive library services. The population of unserved areas is not included in this figure. Note 1: For states that have no overlapping jurisdictions, this number will be identical to the state's total population of legal service areas. Note 2: The state's most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state are used as the basis for calculating the total unduplicated population of legal service areas.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: public
Aggregate: yes
2.2.4 School Library Media Center Target Population
The target population of a school library media center are both the students and faculty.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: school
Aggregate: yes
2.2.5 Special Library Target Population
The target population of a special library is the group of persons that the special library is intended to serve, generally the staff of the parent organization.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.2.6 State Library Agency Target Population
The target population of a state library agency may include blind and physically handicapped individuals, residents of State correctional institutions, residents of other State institutions, State government employees and the general public. Note: State library agencies may include archives. The governance structure of archives is outside the scope of this data dictionary.
- 2.2.6.1 Blind and Physically Handicapped Individuals.
Outlets serving this user group may contain talking books on discs and tapes and books in Braille made available from the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, a division of the Library of Congress. In addition, these outlets may contain large print books for the visually handicapped and captioned films for the deaf. These outlets provide library materials and library services to blind or physically handicapped residents who have been certified by competent authority as unable to read or to use conventional printed materials as a result of physical limitations. - 2.2.6.2 General Public.
Outlets serving this user group function as the State-level equivalent of a local public library, providing books, other library materials, and electronic access to locally mounted and remote information resources for all State residents. These outlets serve the general public, regardless of whether they are open on a walk-in or referral basis. - 2.2.6.3 Residents of Other State Institutions.
Outlets serving this user group provide books, other library materials, access to other information resources and other library services to patients or residents of residential training schools, hospitals, nursing homes, and other general or special institutions operated or substantially supported by the State. - 2.2.6.4 Residents of State Correctional Institutions.
Outlets serving this user group provide books, other library materials, access to other information resources and other library services to residents of prisons, reformatories, and other correctional institutions operated or substantially supported by the State. - 2.2.6.5 State Government Employees, (executive, legislative, or judicial).
Outlets serving this user group provide books, other library materials, access to other information resources and other library services to employees of all branches of State government.
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: state
Aggregate: yes
3 Human Resources
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.1 Certified Library Media Specialist
Source: library
Applicability: local, national, state
Library Type: school, special
Aggregate: yes
3.2 Contributed Services Staff
Library staff, such as members of religious orders, whose services are valued by bookkeeping entries rather than by full cash transactions. Note: Does not include volunteers.
Source: library
Applicability: local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special
Aggregate: yes
3.3 Other Staff
Library employees without formal qualification in librarianship/information science or other relevant specialization, not included elsewhere.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.4 Professional Staff
Staff members doing work that requires professional education (the master's degree or its equivalent) in the theoretical and scientific aspects of librarianship; also, in some libraries, staff performing professional level tasks who, though not librarians, have equivalent education and training in related fields (e.g., archives, preservation or conservation, computer sciences, business administration, education).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.5 Qualified Specialist Staff
Library employees who have received training in a specialist discipline other than librarianship and/or information science. Note: The training may be by formal education or by means of an external period of work of a professional nature under supervision in a specialization such as accountancy, computing, staff management, bookbinding.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.6 Staff Training
Formal staff training received inside or outside of the library.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.6.1 Number of Staff Trained
Number of staff who have received formal training during the reporting period.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.6.2 Staff Hours of Training
Hours of formal training received by staff during the reporting period.
Source: library
Applicability: local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.7 Student Assistants
Student assistants, employed on an hourly basis whose wages are paid from funds under library control or from a budget other than the library budget, including College Work Study Program. Note: Does not include maintenance and custodial staff.
Source: library
Applicability: local, national, state
Library Type: academic, school, special
Aggregate: yes
3.8 Volunteers
Persons working on library tasks without payment. Note: Volunteers may receive token reimbursements or expense allowances.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special
Aggregate: yes
4 Collections
Documents held locally and remote resources for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired.
The library collection consists of all documents provided by a library for its users. Collections comprise documents held locally and remote resources for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired. Notes: Access rights may be acquired by the library itself, by a consortium and/or through external funding. Acquisition is to be understood as deliberately selecting a document, securing access rights and including it in the OPAC or other databases of the library. Interlibrary lending and document delivery are excluded. Does not include links to Internet resources for which the library has not secured access rights by legal agreements (e. g. legal deposit right), license or other contractual and/or co-operative agreement. Free Internet resources that have been catalogued by the library in its OPAC or a database should be counted separately (see ISO 2789 6.2.14).
The following terms apply to all categories within Collections and, to reduce duplication of term identification within categories and subcategories, precede specific categories of collections.
Access Rights
Rights for reaching or using the library collection. For the electronic collection, this implies that the library has secured permanent or temporary access for its users by law, license or other contractual and/or co-operative agreement.
Addition (Acquisitions)
Document or item added to a collection during the reporting period. Additions may be obtained, for example, by purchase, licensing, legal deposit, donation, or exchange. Added units or added titles are units or titles that have been cataloged according to Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules or for which other inventory records have been made available to users (e.g., minimal or provisional catalog records, accession records, or records in a database file).
Document
Recorded information or material object which can be treated as a unit in a documentation process [ISO/FDIS 5127]. Documents may differ in their physical and electronic form and characteristics.
Holdings
Number of documents of a certain type (e.g. books and serials, microforms, electronic serials) held locally or in remote resources for which access rights have been acquired, at least for a certain period of time. To be measured at the end of the reporting period. Note: Referred to as "stock" in ISO 2798.
Unit
An individual item of library materials. A coherent document unit, inclusive of any protective devices, freely movable against other document units.
- Note 1: Coherence may be achieved, for example, by binding or encasement or digital containment.
- Note 2: For printed documents, the term "volume" is used for the unit (see also volume). Examples of physical units are: a volume (books or serials); a linear foot (manuscripts and archives); a reel, sheet, or card (microforms); a sheet or bound atlas (cartographic materials); a film, slide, photograph, or picture (graphic materials); a disk, cassette, cartridge, or reel (sound recordings, motion pictures, and video recordings); and disks, tapes, or cartridges (computer files).
- Note 3: For electronic documents, the term “volume” may be used for the unit. Examples of electronic document units are: a volume (books or serials); measured by file size (MB, etc.); electronic cartographic images; electronic slide, photograph or picture (graphic images); electronic audio and video files (sound recordings, motion pictures, and video recordings); and computer files.
Title
The designation of a separate bibliographic whole, whether issued in one or several volumes, reels, discs, slides, or other parts. Titles are defined according to the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. A book or serial title may be distinguished from other such titles by its unique International Standard Book Number (ISBN) or International Standard Serial Number (ISSN). This definition applies equally to print, electronic, audiovisual, and other library materials. For unpublished works, the term is used to designate a manuscript collection or an archival record series. Two subscriptions to Science magazine, for example, are counted as one title. When vertical file materials are counted, a file folder is considered a title.
Volume
A single physical unit of any printed, typewritten, handwritten, mimeographed, or processed work, distinguished from other units by a separate binding, encasement, portfolio, or other clear distinction, which has been cataloged, classified, and made ready for use, and which is typically the unit used to charge circulation transactions. Either a serial volume is bound, or it comprises the serial issues that would be bound together if the library bound all serials.
Withdrawal
Document or item withdrawn from a collection during the reporting period. Withdrawals may be effected, for example, by discarding, transferring, or in the case of electronic resources by deletion from files or canceling licenses.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.1 Archives and Manuscripts
Archives
The non-current records of an organization or institution preserved because of their continuing value.
Manuscripts
Works written by hand or typed, including books, dissertations, letters, speeches, music, legal papers, and printed forms completed by hand.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.1.1 Cubic Feet
Cubic feet is a measurement of volume for collections.
See www.itsmarc.com/crs/grph0201.htm for definition of cubic feet.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: no
4.1.2 Linear Feet Added
Linear feet is a measurement of shelf or file space occupied by a collection.
See www.itsmarc.com/crs/grph0200.htm for definition of linear feet.
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.1.3 Linear Feet Held
Linear feet is a measurement of shelf or file space occupied by a collection.
See www.itsmarc.com/crs/grph0200.htm for definition of linear feet.
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2 Audio-Visual Materials
Materials that are displayed by visual projection or magnification, or through sound reproduction, or both, including sound recordings, motion pictures and video recordings, and graphic materials. Also included in this category are special visual materials such as three-dimensional artifacts and realia, and web-based audio-visual resources. Document in which sound and/or pictures are prominent, and which requires the use of special equipment to be seen and/or heard [ISO 5127-11].
- Note 1: This includes audio documents such as records, tapes, cassettes, audio compact discs, files of digital audio recordings; visual documents such as slides, transparencies, and combined audio-visual documents such as motion pictures, video recordings, etc. Microforms are excluded.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2.1 Audio-Visual Materials Additions--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2.2 Audio-Visual Materials Additions--Titles
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2.3 Audio-Visual Materials Holdings--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2.4 Audio-Visual Materials Holdings--Titles
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3 Books and Serials
Book
A non-serial printed publication of any length bound in hard or soft covers or in loose-leaf format or in electronic format. Also called monograph. Includes printed sheet music and Braille.
Print Materials
Materials consisting primarily of words and usually produced by making an impression with ink on paper. Included in this definition are materials that do not require magnification (books, journals, pamphlets, and printed sheets including music and two-dimensional cartographic materials), as well as printed materials that require magnification (microforms). This also includes Braille materials.
Serial
A publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. This definition includes, in any format, periodicals, newspapers, and annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.); the journals, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc. of societies; and numbered monographic series.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.1 Books and Serials Additions--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.2 Books and Serials Additions--Titles
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.3 Books and Serials Holdings--Titles
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.4 Books and Serials Holdings--Volumes
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.5 Current Serials Received Emetrics
Documents in print or in electronic form, issued in successive parts, usually having numerical or chronological designations, and intended to be continued indefinitely, whatever its periodicity.
- Note 1: Serials published in electronic form only or in both electronic and other format.
- Note 2: Comprises serials held locally and remote resources for which access rights have been acquired, at least for a certain period of time.
- Note 3: Include duplicate subscriptions.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.5.1 Current Serial Titles Emetrics
Serial title refers to the bibliographic entity represented regardless of the number of subscriptions to that entity in a given format.
4.3.5.1.1 Electronic/Digital Serial Titles
4.3.5.1.2 Print/Microform Serial Titles
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
Subscriptions refer to the arrangements by which, in return for a sum paid in advance, periodicals, newspapers, or other serials are provided for a specified number of issues. These include print/microfilm subscriptions, and electronic/digital subscriptions. Note: Include duplicate subscriptions.
4.3.5.2.1 Electronic/Digital Subscriptions
4.3.5.2.2 Print/Microfilm Subscriptions
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.6 eBooks Emetrics
Digital documents, licensed or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and which can be seen in analogy to a print book (monograph). The use of eBooks is in many cases dependent on a dedicated device and/or a special reader or viewing software.
- Note 1: eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user's PC for a limited time period.
- Note 2: Doctoral dissertations in electronic format are included.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.4 Cartographic Materials
Materials representing in whole or in part the earth or any celestial body at any scale (e.g., maps and charts).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.4.1 Cartographic Materials Additions--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.4.2 Cartographic Materials Holdings--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.5 Government Documents
Publications in book, serial, or other library materials, in all formats, that are published by a government agency, e.g., the publications of federal, state, local, and foreign governments and of intergovernmental organizations to which governments belong and appoint representatives, such as the United Nations, Organization of American States, and the Erie Basin Commission graphic materials.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.5.1 Government Documents Additions--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.5.2 Government Documents Holdings--Titles
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.6 Graphic Materials
Opaque (e.g., two-dimensional) art originals and reproductions, charts, photographs or materials intended to be projected or viewed without sound, e.g., filmstrips, transparencies, photographs, posters, pictures, radiographs, slides, and collections of such materials.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.6.1 Graphic Materials Additions--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.6.2 Graphic Materials Holdings--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.7 Microforms
Photographic reproductions of textual, tabular, or graphic material reduced in size so that they can be used only with magnification. The two main types of microforms are micro reproductions on transparent material, including roll microfilm, aperture cards, microfiche, and ultrafiche, and reproductions on opaque material.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.7.1 Microforms Additions--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.7.2 Microforms Holdings--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8 Other Materials--Print and Electronic Emetrics
Non-electronic documents or items other than books; serials; manuscripts; printed music documents; microforms; cartographic, audio-visual or graphic documents; artifacts or patents separately specified in this standard.
Electronic documents or items include databases, free Internet resources and other digital documents.
Electronic Collection
All resources in electronic form in the library collection.
- Note 1: The electronic collection includes databases and digital documents. Free Internet resources which have been catalogued by the library in its OPAC or a database should be counted separately.
Access Rights
Rights for reaching or using the library collection. For the electronic collection, this implies that the library has secured permanent or temporary access for its users by law, license or other contractual and/or co-operative agreement.
- Note 1: This includes items such as dioramas and other three-dimensional documents, games, toys, etc. Documents in Braille are counted as print documents.
- Note 2: Multimedia documents. Documents combining different information media (text, graphics, photos, video, audio) in digital format. Multimedia documents are counted according to their main feature or purpose (e.g., as database, electronic serial or digital document).
- Note 3: Other Library Documents. Non-electronic documents or items other than books, serials, manuscripts, printed music documents, microforms, cartographic materials, audio-visual materials, or graphic documents, separately specified in this standard. This includes items such as dioramas and other three-dimensional documents, games, toys, etc. Documents in Braille are counted as print documents.
- Note 4: Patents. Government documents granting an inventor the sole right to use or license an invention together with associated documentation.
- Note 5: Printed Music Documents. Documents, the essential content of which is a representation of music, normally by means of notes. May be in sheet or codex form.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.1 Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) Emetrics
Computer based information storage and retrieval medium based on laser technology that contains data in text and/or multimedia formats. CD-ROMs are counted according to its contents as database, digital document, or electronic serial.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.2 Computer Files Emetrics
The number of pieces of computer-readable disks, tapes, CD-ROMs, and similar machine-readable files comprising data or programs that are locally held as part of the library's collections available to library clients. Examples are U.S. Census data tapes, sample research software, locally mounted databases, and reference tools on CD-ROM, tape or disk. Note: Does not include bibliographic records used to manage the collection (i.e., the library's own catalog in machine-readable form), library system software, and microcomputer software used only by the library staff.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.3 Databases Emetrics
Collection of electronically stored data or unit records (facts, bibliographic data, and texts) with a common user interface and software for the retrieval and manipulation of the data.
- Note 1: The data or records are usually collected with a particular intent and are related to a defined topic.
- Note 2: A database may be issued on CD-ROM, diskette, or other direct access method, or as a computer file accessed via dial-up methods or via the Internet.
- Note 3: When access to more than one licensed database is effected through the same interface, each database should be counted separately.
4.8.3.1 Abstract and Indexing Databases
Collection of bibliographic references analyzing and presenting on a continuous basis periodical and/or other titles that usually relate to a common discipline or geographic area. This includes electronic reference and indexing tools which, if existed in print form, would be counted as periodicals. The content of abstract and indexing databases consists predominately of bibliographic references without associated full text articles, although both may be represented in the database.
4.8.3.2 Aggregated Full Text Databases
Collection of both bibliographic references and full text articles from periodical and/or other titles presented on a continuous basis that may relate to a common discipline or may provide multi-disciplinary coverage. This includes electronic reference and indexing tools which, if existed in print form, would be counted as periodicals. The content of aggregated full text databases consists predominately of full text articles rather than bibliographic references without associated full text, although both may be represented in the database.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: no
4.8.4 Digital Documents Emetrics
Information unit with a defined content that has been digitized by the library or acquired in digital form as part of the library collection. This includes electronic patents, networked audiovisual documents and other digital documents, e.g. reports, cartographic and music documents, pre-prints etc. Databases and electronic serials are excluded.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.5 Electronic Serials Emetrics
Serials published in electronic form only or in both electronic and other format. Note 1: Comprises serials held locally and remote resources for which access rights have been acquired, at least for a certain period of time and for which the institution has access rights. Note 2: Current Serials Received.(4.5) works in conjunction with this definition.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.6 Free Internet Resources Emetrics
The number of links to unique free Internet resources (web sites, digital documents, databases, electronic journals, etc.) which have been catalogued by the library in its OPAC or a database.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: no
4.8.7 Other Digital Documents Emetrics
Digital documents other than an eBook, networked audio-visual document or electronic patent, e.g. report, pre-print, cartographic or music documents, exhibits, etc., in electronic format.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: no
4.8.8 Other Materials Additions--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.9 Other Materials Holdings--Units
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5 Infrastructure
The library infrastructure pertains to facilities, including capacity and usable space, and technology. Hours open is discussed in Section 7, Services.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.1 Gross Measured Area
Total space in the library building or buildings. Note: Areas devoted to cafes, gift shops and staff recreation areas may be reported separately.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.2 Net Usable Area
Includes space for readers and reading areas, materials shelving and storage areas, space for services to clientele, public service desks, exhibit space, equipment areas aisles, and all other space used for library resources and services. Excludes vestibules, lobbies, traffic areas, janitorial or custodial storage and service areas, rest rooms, staff recreation area, cafes, elevators, stairway space, building corridors, space occupied by heating ventilation and cooling devices.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.3 Net Usable Area by Function
The total net usable area may be allocated to the following functions:
- User Services
Includes space for reading, studying, information delivery. Computer terminals and any other services delivered to users, also open access storage areas as integrated part of user service areas. - Library Operations
Includes receipt of materials, bindery, acquisitions, cataloging, computing and management. - Materials Storage
Includes all areas devoted principally to storing materials whether open access or closed. - Events
Includes seminar and meeting rooms, space for meetings and story telling, and formal exhibition space.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.4 Facilities
A physically separate location where library materials and services are provided to the library's clientele. A facility has a staff and a permanent collection of library materials, and is usually, but not necessarily, separate from other facilities. This definition includes stationary facilities (e.g., a central facility, a branch library) and bookmobiles.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.4.1 Mobile Facilities
A library, usually an outlet of a library, using specially equipped transport and furnished to provide documents and services direct to users as an alternative to access on library premises.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.4.2 Physical Facilities
All stationary physical library outlets (central and branch).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.5 Seating Capacity
Seats provided for users for reading or studying whether with or without equipment. Includes seats in carrels, in seminar and study rooms and the audiovisual and children's departments of the library. Includes seats in computer labs only if the labs are managed or operated by the library. Excludes seats in halls, and theaters intended for audiences of special events. Also excludes informal seating such as, floor space on which users may sit.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.6 Workstations Emetrics
A computer workstation may be stand-alone or networked, or a dumb terminal.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.6.1 Available Internet Workstations Emetrics
Number of workstations in the library available to users and connected to the Internet.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
5.6.2 Available Workstations Emetrics
Number of workstations in the library available to users.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6 Finances
Income and expenditures during the reporting period.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.1 Capital Expenditures
Funds expended for the acquisition of or additions to fixed assets such as building sites, new buildings and building additions, new equipment (including major computer installations), initial collections, furnishings for new or expanded buildings, and new vehicles. These expenditures exclude replacement and repair of existing furnishings and equipment, regular purchase of library materials, and investments for capital appreciation. (Also referred to as Capital Outlay).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.2 Capital Revenue by Source
Revenue that will be used for major capital expenditures. Examples include funds received for a) site acquisition; b) new buildings; c) additions to or renovation of library buildings; d) furnishings, equipment, and initial book stock for new buildings, building additions, or building renovations; e) library automation systems; f) new vehicles; and g) other one-time major projects. Includes: federal, state, local and other revenue to be used for major capital expenditures. Excludes revenue to be used for replacement and repair of existing furnishings and equipment; regular purchase of library materials; investments for capital appreciation; contributions to endowments; income passed through to another agency (e.g., fines); or funds unspent in the previous fiscal year (e.g., carryover).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.2.1 Federal Government Capital Revenue
All federal government funds, including federal funds distributed by the state or locality, and grants and aid received by a library for the purpose of major capital expenditures.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.2.2 Local Government Capital Revenue
All governmental funds designated by a community, district, or region and available to a library for the purpose of major capital expenditures, except for state and/or federal money distributed by the local government.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.2.3 Other Sources of Capital Revenue
All income for the purpose of major capital expenditures, except for state and/or federal money distributed by the local government.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.2.4 State Government Capital Revenue
All funds distributed to a library by State government for the purpose of major capital expenditures, except for state and/or federal money distributed by the local government.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3 Operating Expenditures by Type of Expenditure Emetrics
Current and recurrent costs necessary for the provision of library services, such as personnel, library materials, binding, supplies, repair or replacement of existing furnishings and equipment, and costs incurred in the operation and maintenance of the physical facility.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.1 Audiovisual Material Expenditures
Expenditures for materials that are displayed by visual projection or magnification, or through sound reproduction, or both, including sound recordings, motion pictures and video recordings, and graphic materials. Note 1: This includes expenditures for special visual materials such as three-dimensional artifacts and realia, documents in which sound and/or pictures are prominent, and which requires the use of special equipment to be seen and/or heard [ISO 5127-11]. Note 2: This includes expenditures for audio documents such as records, tapes, cassettes, audio compact discs, files of digital audio recordings; visual documents such as slides, transparencies, and combined audio-visual documents such as motion pictures, video recordings, etc. Note 3: Microforms are excluded.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.2 Bibliographic Utilities, Networks and Consortia Expenditures Emetrics
Expenditures for services provided by national, regional and local bibliographic utilities, networks and consortia.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.3 Book and Serial Backfile Expenditures (one-time expenditures)
Expenditures for:
- Books
A non-serial printed publication of any length bound in hard or soft covers or in looseleaf format. Also called monograph. Includes sheet music. - Print Materials
Materials consisting primarily of words and usually produced by making an impression with ink on paper. Included in this definition are materials that do not require magnification (books, journals, pamphlets, and printed sheets including music and two-dimensional cartographic materials), as well as printed materials that require magnification (microforms). - Serials
A publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. This definition includes periodicals, newspapers, and annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.); the journals, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc. of societies; and numbered monographic series.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.4 Collection Expenditures
All expenditures for materials purchased or leased for use by the public, such as print materials (including microforms), machine-readable materials, audio-visual materials, etc.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.5 Computer Hardware, Software, Supplies and Maintenance Expenditures Emetrics
Expenditures from the library budget for computer hardware and software used to support library operations, whether purchased or leased, mainframe or microcomputer. Includes expenditures for maintenance and for equipment used to run information service products when that expenditure can be separated from the price of the product.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.6 Current Serial Expenditures Emetrics
Expenditures for print, microfilm and electronic or digital subscriptions.
- 6.3.6.1 Current Serial Expenditures--Electronic
- 6.3.6.2 Current Serial Expenditures--Paper and Microform
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.7 Document Delivery/Interlibrary Loan Expenditures Emetrics
Expenditures for document delivery and interlibrary loan services. Includes fees paid for photocopies, costs of facsimile transmission, royalties and access fees paid to provide document delivery or interlibrary loan. Includes fees paid to bibliographic utilities if the portion paid for interlibrary loan can be separately counted. Does not include expenditures related to transactions between the main or central library and branches.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.8 Electronic Access Expenditures Emetrics
All operating expenditures from the library budget associated with access to electronic materials and services. Include computer hardware and software used to support library operations, whether purchased or leased, mainframe and microcomputer. Includes expenditures for maintenance. Includes expenditures for services provided by national, regional, and local bibliographic utilities, networks, consortia and commercial services. Includes all fees and usage costs associated with such services as OCLC FirstSearch or electronic document delivery. Excludes capital expenditures.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.9 Electronic Materials Expenditures Emetrics
Operating expenditures for electronic (digital) materials. Types of electronic materials include eBooks, eSerials (including journals), government documents, databases (including locally mounted, full text or not), electronic files, reference tools, scores, maps, or pictures in electronic or digital format, including materials digitized by the library. Electronic materials can be distributed on magnetic tape, diskettes, computer software, CD-ROM, or other portable digital carrier, and can be accessed via a computer, via access to the Internet, or by using an eBook reader. Include equipment expenditures that are inseparably bundled into the price of the information service product; expenditures for materials held locally and for remote electronic materials for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired; and expenditures for database licenses. Note: Based on ISO 2789 and FSCS definitions.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.10 Employee Benefit Expenditures
Expenditures for the benefits outside of salary and wages paid and accruing to an employee, regardless of whether the benefits or equivalent cash options are available to all employees.
- 6.3.10.1 Direct, Paid Fringe Benefits
Includes Social Security, retirement, medical insurance, life insurance, guaranteed disability income protection, unemployment compensation, workmen's compensation, tuition, and housing benefits. - 6.3.10.2 Indirect, Fringe Benefits
Includes time away from work usually allowed with pay, such as vacation, sick, or educational leave, and holidays, but in some instances without pay, such as family leave not considered sick leave.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.11 Furnishing and Equipment Expenditures Emetrics
Expenditures for furnishings and equipment. Extraordinary, nonrecurring equipment expenditures are included in Capital Expenditures.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.12 Microform Material Expenditures
Expenditures for microforms. Microforms are photographic reproductions of textual, tabular, or graphic material reduced in size so that they can be used only with magnification. The two main types of microforms are micro reproductions on transparent material, including roll microfilm, aperture cards, microfiche, and ultrafiche, and reproductions on opaque material.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.13 Other Operating Expenditures
Operating expenditures not included in any other subcategory of 6.2, Operating Expenditures by Type of Expenditure. (Also called Miscellaneous Expenditures).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.14 Preservation Expenditures Emetrics
Expenditures for specific measures undertaken for the repair, maintenance, restoration, or protection of library materials, including but not limited to binding and rebinding, materials conversion (to microform for example), deacidification, and lamination.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.15 Professional Staff Salaries and Wages
All monies paid before deductions to all professional staff paid from library's budget (reporting unit's budget) for work performed. This definition excludes employee fringe benefits. Professional staff are staff members doing work that requires professional education (the master's degree or its equivalent) in the theoretical and scientific aspects of librarianship; also, in some libraries, staff performing professional level tasks who, though not librarians, have equivalent education and training in related fields (e.g., archives, computer sciences, business administration, education).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.16 Student Assistant Salaries and Wages
All monies paid before deductions to all student assistants paid from library's budget (reporting unit's budget) for work performed. This definition excludes employee fringe benefits.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.3.17 Support Staff Salaries and Wages
All monies paid before deductions to all support staff paid from library's budget (reporting unit's budget) for work performed. This definition excludes employee fringe benefits.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.4 Operating Income by Source
Money or money equivalents received in an accounting period and used for salaries and wages, the costs of library materials and services, and other operating expenditures.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.4.1 Federal Government Income
All federal government funds distributed to the library for expenditure by the library, including federal money distributed by the State.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.4.2 Local Government Income
Includes all tax and non-tax receipts designated by the community, district, or region and available for expenditure by the library. The value of any contributed or in-kind services or the value of any gifts and donations are excluded.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.4.3 Other Sources of Income
All income other than that included under local, state and federal. Includes grants from non-profit organizations or corporations, donations from Friends as well as other donations, gifts, interest, fines, and fees. The value of any contributed services or the value of in-kind gifts and donations are excluded.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
6.4.4 State Government Income
All funds distributed to the library by State government for expenditure by the library, except for federal money distributed by the State. This includes funds from such sources as penal fines, license fees, and mineral rights.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7 Services
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.1 Gate Count
The total number of persons who physically enter the library. The total number includes persons who visit in groups and persons who visit for library-sponsored programs. A person may be counted more than once. Counting may be done either upon entrance or upon exit.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.2 Hours Open
Number of hours when the main services are available to users during a normal week. Note: Main services are primary services as defined by the library.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.2.1 Hours Open in Branch Libraries
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.2.2 Hours Open in Main/Central Library
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.3 Information Requests Emetrics
An information contact that involves the knowledge, use, recommendations, interpretation, or instruction in the use of one or more information sources by a member of the library staff. The term includes information and referral service.
Information sources include:
- Printed and nonprinted materials.
- Machine-readable databases (including computer-assisted instruction).
- The library's own catalogs and other holdings records.
- Other libraries and institutions through communication or referral.
- Persons both inside and outside the library.
When a staff member uses information gained from previous use of information sources to answer a question, the request is reported as an information request even if the source is not consulted again. (Also known as Reference Transaction). Note: It is essential that libraries do not include directional transactions in the report of reference transactions. A directional transaction is an information contact that does not involve knowledge, use, recommendation, interpretation, or instruction in the use of any information sources other than those that describe the library, such as schedules, floor plans, handbooks, and policy statements. Examples of directional transactions include giving instruction for locating, within the library, staff, library users, or physical features, and giving assistance of a non-bibliographical nature with machines.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.3.1 Virtual Reference Transactions Emetrics
Virtual reference transactions conducted via e-mail, website, or other network-based medium designed to support virtual reference. (ARL E-metrics; Bertot, McClure, Ryan). Note: Includes questions either received or responded to.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.4 Library Events/Programs
Events organized by the library. Number of exhibitions and number of events (including virtual events) typically with a literary or cultural intent.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.4.1 Attendance at Library Events
Total number of attendance at events as to type of events: exhibitions and other events; and as to types of users: children and adults.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.5 Library User
The library user is an individual accessing library materials and services from a variety of access points. Libraries may classify users in different ways, including but not limited to active borrower, registered library user, or eligible user. To adequately describe library user, a distinction must be made between the library user status and eligibility to access or borrow from a library collection from inside or outside the physical premises of the library. The method of authenticating the status or eligibility of a library user is the responsibility of the individual library.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.6 Loans and Document Delivery Emetrics
Direct lending or delivery transaction of an item in non-electronic form (e.g., book), of an electronic document on a physical carrier (e.g., CD-ROM) or other device (e.g., eBook reader), or transmission of an electronic document to one user for a limited time period (e.g., eBook). Note 1: Loans include user-initiated renewals as well as registered loans within the library (on-site loans). Renewals should be counted separately. Note 2: Loans include copied documents supplied in place of original documents (including FAX) and print-outs of electronic documents made by library staff for the user. Note 3: loans of documents in physical form to distance users are included here. Note 4: Mediated electronic transmission of documents is counted as electronic document delivery if their use is permitted for unlimited time. This includes transmissions to members of the population to be served.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.6.1 Electronic Document Delivery Emetrics
Electronic transmission of a document or part of a document from the library collection to a user, mediated by library staff, not necessarily via another library. Note 1. Electronic transmission of documents to members of the population to be served is included. FAX transmission is excluded. Note 2: May be split up as to transmission with or without charge to the user.
Please refer to 7.7.1: Use, Electronic Collections for further information.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.6.2 External Document Supply Emetrics
Document or part of it in print or electronic form delivered from outside the library collection by non-library suppliers (not through interlibrary lending) with the library being involved in the transaction and/or the payment. Note 1: It is irrelevant whether a number of individual transactions are paid per view or a certain number of transactions have been prepaid. Note 2: Please see 7.8.1: Use, Electronic Collections.
Source: vendor
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.6.3 Interlibrary Loan
Loan of a document in its physical form or delivery of a document (or part of it) in copied form, from one library to another library not under the same administration. Note: Mediated transmission of documents in electronic form is counted as electronic document delivery.
See Section 7.6.2, Electronic Delivery.
- 7.6.3.1 Materials Obtained from Other Libraries
These are library materials, or copies of the materials, received by one library from another library upon request. The libraries involved in interlibrary loans are not under the same library administration. - 7.6.3.2 Materials Provided to Other Libraries
These are library materials, or copies of the materials, provided by one library to another upon request. The libraries involved in interlibrary loans are not under the same library administration.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.7 Use Emetrics
In order to know how far electronic library services enlarge the range of library services and increase their market penetration, it is important to know the provenance of each use. Three locations should be differentiated:
- Inside the library.
- Outside the library, but inside the institution or authority (population to be served).
- Outside the institution or authority (population to be served).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.7.1 Electronic Collection Emetrics
- 7.7.1.1 Units/Records Examined
Content in the electronic collection that is delivered to a user. The sub-categories that follow provide for a detailed breakdown by type of content delivered (full-content unit, or descriptive record) and system delivering the content (Library Collection, Commercial Service or OPAC). See 7.6: Loans and Document Delivery.- 7.7.1.1.1 Commercial Services Descriptive Records Examined
Number of descriptive records concerning the library's commercial services delivered to a user. Determined by the record type appropriate to the resource, (e.g., abstract, archive, and index). Exclude OPAC or library collection descriptive records (i.e., library website services and collections). - 7.7.1.1.2 Commercial Services Full-Content Units Examined
Number of subscription service full-content units examined, downloaded, or otherwise supplied to user, to the extent that these are recordable and controlled by the server rather than the browser. (ICOLC Guidelines, December 2001). Note 1: Journal articles by journal title with ISSN and title listed. Note 2: eBooks by book title with ISBN and title listed. Note 3: Reference materials by content unit appropriate to the resource (e.g., dictionary definitions, encyclopedia articles, biographies, etc.). Note 4: Non-textual resources by file type as appropriate to resources (e.g., image, audio, video, etc.). (ICOLC Guidelines, December 2001) - 7.7.1.1.3 Library Collection Descriptive Records Examined
Number of descriptive records concerning the library's electronic collection delivered to a user. Determined by the record type appropriate to the resource, e.g., abstract, archive, and index. Exclude OPAC or commercial services (i.e., online databases). - 7.7.1.1.4 Library Collection Full-Content Units Examined
Number of full-content units from library electronic collection examined, downloaded, or otherwise supplied to a user. Exclude OPAC or commercial services (i.e., online databases). - 7.7.1.1.5 OPAC Descriptive Records Examined
Number of descriptive records from the library's online catalog delivered to a user. Exclude commercial services or library collection descriptive records (i.e., library website services and collections).
- 7.7.1.1.1 Commercial Services Descriptive Records Examined
- 7.7.1.2 Searches/Menu Selections (Queries)
A search is defined as intending to represent a unique intellectual inquiry whether conducted through a search form submitted to the server or through the use of menu selections (e.g., browsing a list of subjects.) - ARL Statistics Questionnaire
- 7.7.1.2.1 Commercial Services Searches (Queries)
A search is defined as intending to represent a unique intellectual inquiry. Typically a search is recorded every time a search request is submitted to the server. Limited to commercial services. Mistyped search strings do not represent unique intellectual inquiries. Include menu selection searches. Exclude spider/crawler searches. (ISO 2789, Annex A) - 7.7.1.2.2 Library Collection Searches (Queries)
A search is defined as intending to represent a unique intellectual inquiry. Typically a search is recorded every time a search request is submitted to the server. Limited to library electronic collection services. Include menu selection searches. Exclude spider/crawler searches. Excludes OPAC searches. (ISO 2789, Annex A) - 7.7.1.2.3 OPAC Searches (Queries)
A search is defined as intending to represent a unique intellectual inquiry. Typically a search is recorded every time a search request is submitted to the server. Limited to the library online catalog service. Include menu selection searches. Exclude spider/crawler searches. (ISO 2789, Annex A) - 7.7.1.3 Sessions
A session is defined as a successful request of an online service or library's online catalog. It is one cycle of user activities that typically starts when a user connects to the service or database and ends by terminating activity that is either explicit (by leaving the service through exit or log-out) or implicit (timeout due to user inactivity). - ARL Statistics Questionnaire
- 7.7.1.3.1 Commercial Services Sessions
A session is defined as a successful request of a commercial service (e.g., online database). It is one cycle of user activities that typically starts when a user connects to a database and ends by terminating activity in the database that is either explicit (by leaving the database through log-out or exit) or implicit (timeout due to user inactivity). (ISO 2789, Annex A, modified to exclude OPAC sessions). Note 1: For multiple databases compiling several individual databases further information should be provided as to the separate databases hosted. Note 2: In some cases, e.g. database use inside the library, several users one after the other might make use of the same workstation, and sessions could not be separated. In most systems, a session is cut off after a specified time of non-use, thus avoiding part of the problem. The average timeout setting would be 30 minutes. If another timeout period is used this should be reported. Browser or proxy caching will be likely to reduce the number of requests registered in logfiles. - 7.7.1.3.2 OPAC Sessions
A session is defined as a successful request of the library's online catalog. It is one cycle of user activities that typically starts when a user connects to the OPAC and ends by terminating activity in the OPAC that is either explicit (by leaving the database through log-out or exit) or implicit (timeout due to user inactivity). In some cases, such as OPAC use inside the library, several users one after the other might make use of the same workstation, and sessions could not be separated. In most systems, a session is cut off after a specified time of non-use, thus avoiding part of the problem. The average timeout setting would be 30 minutes. If another timeout period is used this should be reported. Browser or proxy caching will be likely to reduce the number of requests registered in logfiles. (ISO 2789, Annex A; modified to exclude commercial services). - 7.7.1.4 Rejected Sessions (Turnaways)
A rejected session (turnaway) is defined as an unsuccessful log-in to an electronic service by exceeding the simultaneous user limit. (ISO 2789, Annex A) Excludes failure of log-in because of wrong passwords. - 7.7.1.5 Virtual Visits
- ARL Statistics Questionnaire
A user's request of the library web site from outside the library premises regardless of the number of pages or items viewed. (ISO 2789, 3.3.25) Excludes web site visits from within the library. Note: This statistic is the equivalent of a session folibrary's website. As such, there is a need to exclude various counts (hits, downloads) by users during any given visit.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.7.2 In House Use
Documents taken by a user from open access stock for use on the premises.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type:
Aggregate: yes
7.7.3 Internet Access Emetrics
Internet access by a user from a workstation provided on the library premises or remotely. Note: This will usually be the period of time between a log-in and an implicit or explicit log-off from a library Internet portal, database or the OPAC.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.7.4 Number of Public Access Workstation Users Emetrics
Annual count of the number of users of all of the library's graphical public access workstations connected to the Internet computed from a one-week sample. (Branch Level Statistic)
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.8 User Orientation and Training Emetrics
Hours of user training undertaken by the library, either in orientation of collections, services and facilities or on the use of information sources. Hours of user training on electronic services undertaken by the library. Numbers of hours users have accessed web-based training services offered by the library.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.8.1 Attendance at User Training Emetrics
Number of attendees at user training sessions and number of attendees at user training lessons on electronic services.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.8.2 Formal User Information Technology Training Emetrics
A count of the number of users instructed and the hours of instruction offered in the use of information technology or resources obtainable using information technology in structured sessions - either delivered in the library using a computer lab or other instructional setting or delivered electronically through online-based instruction. (Bertot, McClure, Davis).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special
Aggregate: yes
7.8.3 Information Services to Groups
Information contacts planned in advance in which a staff member, or a person invited by a staff member, provides information intended for a number of persons. Information service to groups may be either bibliographic instruction or library use presentations, or it may be cultural, recreational, or educational presentations. Story hours are included. Presentations both on and off the library premises are included as long as the library sponsors them. Meetings sponsored by other groups using library meeting rooms are not included.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.8.4 Point-of-Use Information Technology Training Emetrics
A count of the number of users instructed and the hours of instruction offered in the use of information technology or resources obtainable using information technology in unstructured sessions at the impromptu request of users.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
7.8.5 User Training
Training programs set up with a specified lesson plan which aims at specific learning outcomes for the use of library services. Note 1: User training can be offered as a tour of the library, as library instruction, or as a web-based service for users. Note 2: The duration of lessons is irrelevant.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes