NISO Z39.7-2004: Information Services and Use: Metrics & statistics for libraries and information providers—Data Dictionary
Foreword
(This foreword is not part of the American National Standard for Information Services and Use: Metrics & statistics for libraries and information Providers-Data Dictionary, ANSI/NISO Z39.7-2004 and is intended for information only.)
This standard was first published in 1968 as ANSI Z39.7-1968, reaffirmed in 1974, and revised in 1983 (ANSI Z39.7-1983), and in 1995 (ANSI/NISO Z39.7-1995). This is the third revision of Z39.7.
This revision takes the path of developing an interactive web-based utility for identifying standard definitions, methods and practices relevant to library statistics activities in the United States (US). Like the previous editions of Z39.7 the aim of the standard remains: to assist librarians and researchers [now defined as the information community] by indicating and defining useful quantifiable information to measure the resources and performance of libraries and to provide a body of valid and comparable data on American libraries.
This revision differs significantly from its predecessors in its approach. The charge to Standards Committee AY charge to revise the standard closely matched recommendations from the NISO FORUM ON PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND STATISTICS FOR LIBRARIES, held February 15-16, 2001 in Washington, D.C. At this Forum, current standards and best practices for library statistics and performance measures were discussed and identified as critical to the next edition of Z39.7. This revision absorbs the de facto definitions established through the national program for collecting data about libraries (i.e., the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) survey program), and absorbs relevant US association definitions, methods and practices of data collection. The value of this approach is that it recognizes the guidelines and best practices in the area of library statistics across the community, not only at the national survey level. As in the 1995 edition, most of the data elements included here appeared on one or more of the national and association surveys. In addition, relevant definitions from the international standard ISO 2789 developed by the International Organization for Standardization have been incorporated. Many other valuable resources were taken into account in the course of this revision. The appendices to this standard list the publications and projects considered. The work of Standards Committee AY is documented at http://www.niso.org/committees/ay/
Suggestions for improving this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the National Information Standards Organization, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA, telephone (301) 654-2512.
This Standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the National Information Standards Organization. NISO approval of this Standard does not necessarily imply that all Voting Members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this Standard, NISO had the following members:
NISO Voting Members
3M
Susan Boettcher
John Nelson (Alt)
American Association of Law Libraries
Robert L. Oakley
Mary Alice Baish (Alt)
American Chemical Society
Matthew Toussant
American Library Association
Betty Landesman
American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T)
Gail Thornburg
American Society of Indexers
Judith Gibbs
American Theological Library Association
Myron Chace
ARMA International
Diane Carlisle
Armed Forces Medical Library
Diane Zehnpfennig
Emily Court (Alt)
Art Libraries Society of North America (ARLIS/NA)
Mark Bresnan
Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM)
Betsy A. Fanning
Association of Information and Dissemination Centers (ASODOC)
Marjorie Hlava
Association of Jewish Libraries
Caroline R. Miller
Elizabeth Vernon (Alt)
Association of Research Libraries
Duane E. Webster
Julia Blixrud (Alt)
Auto-Graphics, Inc.
Paul Cope
Barnes and Noble, Inc.
Douglas Cheney
Book Industry Communication
Brian Green
California Digital Library
Daniel Greenstein
John Kunze (Alt)
Cambridge Information Group
Michael Cairns
Matthew Dunie (Alt)
Checkpoint Systems, Inc.
Douglas Karp
Frank Palazzo (Alt)
The Cherry Hill Company
Cary Gordon
College Center for Library Automation (CCLA)
Richard Madaus
Ann Armbrister (Alt)
Colorado State Library
Brenda Bailey-Hainer
Steve Wrede (Alt)
CrossRef
Edward Pentz
Amy Brand (Alt)
Davandy, L.L.C.
Michael J. Mellinger
Docutek Information Systems
Philip Kesten
Slaven Zivkovic (Alt)
Dynix Corporation
Lynn Thackery
Gail Wanner (Alt)
EBSCO Information Services
Gary Coker
Oliver Pesch (Alt)
Elsevier Science Inc.
Paul Mostert
Endeavor Information Systems, Inc.
Sara Randall
Shelly Hostetler (Alt)
Entopia, Inc.
Igor Perisic
Ex Libris
James Steenbergen
Fretwell-Downing Informatics
Robin Murray
Gale Group
Katherine Gruber
Justine Carson (Alt)
Geac Library Solutions
Eric Conderaerts
Eloise Sullivan (Alt)
GIS Information Systems, Inc.
Candy Zemon
Paul Huf (Alt)
H.W. Wilson Company
Ann Case
Patricia Kuhr (Alt)
Helinski University Library
Juha Hakala
Index Data
Sebastian Hammer
David Dorman (Alt)
Infotrieve
Jan Peterson
Innovative Interfaces, Inc.
Gerald M. Kline
Betsy Graham (Alt)
Institute for Scientific Information
Carolyn Finn
The International DOI Foundation
Norman Paskin
Ithaka/JUSTOR/ARTstor
David Yakimischak
Bruce Heterick (Alt)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Eric Swanson
KINS, Inc.
Myung-Jong Ki
Young-Jun Choi (Alt)
Library Binding Institute
Joanne Rock
Library of Congress
Sally H. McCallum
The Library Corporation
Mark Wilson
Ted Koppel (Alt)
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Richard E. Luce
Lucent Technologies
M.E. Brennan
Medical Library Association
Nadine P. Ellero
Carla J. Funk (Alt)
MINITEX
Cecelia Boone
William DeJohn (Alt)
Modern Language Association
Daniel Bokser
B. Chen (Alt)
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)
Axel as der Muhlen
MuseGlobal, Inc.
Kate Noerr
Cliford Hammond (Alt)
Music Library Association
Mark McKnight
David Sommerfield (Alt)
National Agricultural Library
Eleanor G. Frierson
Gary K. McCone (Alt)
National Archives and Records Administration
Nancy Allard
National Library of Medicine
Betsy L. Humphreys
National Security Agency
Kathleen Dolan
NFAIS
Marjorie Hlava
Nylink
Mary-Alice Lynch
Jane Neale (Alt)
Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Thomas Hickey
Openly Informatics
Eric Hellman
Proquest Information and Learning
Thomas Hamilton
Carol Brent (Alt)
Random House, Inc.
Laurie Stark
Recording Industry Association of America
Bruce Block
Carlos Garza (Alt)
RLG
Lennie Stovel
Joan Aliprand (Alt)
RLG
Lennie Stovel
Joan Aliprand (Alt)
Sage Publications
Anthony Ross
Carol Richman (Alt)
Serials Solutions, Inc.
Mike McCracken
SIRSI Corporation
Greg Hathorn
Slavko Manojlovich (Alt)
Society for Technical Communication (STC)
Frederick M. O'Hara, Jr.
Annette Reilly (Alt)
Society of American Archivists
Lisa Weber
Special Libraries Association (SLA)
Foster J. Zhang
Synapse Corporation
Trish Yancey
Dave Clarke (Alt)
TAGSYS, Inc.
John Jordon
Anne Salado (Alt)
Talis Information Ltd
Terry Wilan
Katie Anstock (Alt)
Triangle Research Libraries Network
Mona C. Couts
U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST,
Office of Information Services
U.S. Department of Defense, DTIC (Defense Technical Information Center)
Richard Evans
Jane L. Cohen (Alt)
U.S. DOE, Office of Scientific & Technical Information
Ralph Scott
Karen Spence (Alt)
U.S. Government Printing Office
Judith Russell
T.C. Evans (Alt)
U.S. National Commission on Libraries and Information Science (NCLIS)
Robert Molyneux
VTLS, Inc.
Carl Grant
WebFeat
Todd Miller
Paul Duncan (Alt)
NISO Board of Directors
At the time NISO approved this standard, the following individuals served on its Board of Directors:
Jan Peterson, Chair
Infotrieve
Carl Grant, Vice Chair/Chair-Elect
VTLS, Inc.
Beverly C. Lynch, Immediate Past Chair
UCLA Graduate School of Education & Information Studies
Michael J. Mellinger, Treasurer
Davandy, L.L.C.
Patricia R. Harris, Executive Director/Secretary
National Information Standards Organization
Douglas Cheney
Barnes & Noble, Inc.
Brian Green
BIC/EDItEUR
Daniel Greenstein
California Digital Library
Deborah Loeding
The H.W. Wilson Company
Richard E. Luce
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Robin Murray
Fretwell- Downing Informatics
James Neal
Columbia University
Oliver Pesch
EBSCO Information Services
Patricia Stevens
OCLC, Inc.
Eric Swanson
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Table of Contents
Data Dictionary
6.2.1 Federal Government Capital Revenue
6.2.2 Local Government Capital Revenue
6.2.3 Other Sources of Capital Revenue
6.2.4 State Government Capital Revenue
Introduction
1.1 Scope
This standard identifies categories for basic library statistical data reported at the national level, and provides associated definitions of terms. In doing so it deals with the following areas: reporting unit and target population, human resources, collection resources, infrastructure, finances, and services. In addition, the standard identifies new measures associated with networked services, databases, and performance. These measures are reported at a variety of levels, and at the time of this writing were slowly being incorporated into national library statistical data reports.
The standard is not intended to be comprehensive in scope. Instead, it presents a framework for comparable library data by describing common elements pertaining to libraries of various types in the US. It does not address detailed statistics for specific areas where it seems more appropriate for experts in those areas to make recommendations (e.g., music, government documents and maps).
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to assist the information community in the identification, definition, collection, and interpretation of statistical data used to describe the current status and condition of libraries in the US. In addition, it assists that community in collecting the data necessary to support research and analysis directed toward improving the performance of libraries and enhancing library effectiveness.
1.3 Application
This standard is primarily for library managers and those who collect data from libraries. For library managers, the standard indicates categories for measurement of library resources, services and activities, staffing, and infrastructure. For data collectors, the standard indicates categories for consideration in constructing data collection instruments. The standard also provides guidance to others interested in information about statistical measures related to library services. Appicability of this standard may be at the local, state, national or international levels.
1.4 Format
The format of this standard is by section, category, and then by subcategory. Sections are broad in scope, categories provide more precise divisions within a section, and subcategories provide the most specific division within a section. The categories and subcategories are organized alphabetically, to the extent possible. E-metrics are arranged as categories or within subcategories as appropriate. The six sections, including brief descriptions, are:
Reporting Units http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section2
Describes types of libraries, the entity that has administrative or budgetary control, and the populations served by each. Staffing is described under section "Human Resources."
Human Resources http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section3
Describes all levels of staffing associated with each library type.
Collections http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section4
Describes broad collection categories in all formats.
Infrastructure http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section5
Describes facilities, including capacity and technology.
Finances http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section6
Describes broad categories of revenue (e.g., income) and expenditure by type and source.
Services http://www.niso.org/dictionary/section7
Describes broad categories of services provided by libraries including hours of operation, as well as other metrics associated with understanding library use both tangible and virtual.
In addition to formal sections, there are five appendices:
Appendix A: Methods of Measurement http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixA
Appendix B: Measuring the Use of Electronic Library Services
http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixB
Appendix C: Measuring Public Library Networked Services: Preparing Your Library to Collect Network Statistics http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixC
Appendix D: References in Developing the Z39.7-2002 Revision http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixD
Appendix E: National and International Efforts Regarding Electronic Metrics http://www.niso.org/dictionary/appendicies/appendixE
1.5 General Principles
The following general principles are the basis of this standard:
1.5.1 Data categories are mutually exclusive as far as possible.
1.5.2 Collection resource categories are based on the following sources: Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition, revised; and MARC21 Format for Bibliographic Data Including Guidelines for Content Designation.
1.5.3 Data categories are constructed to provide annual figures as far as possible.
1.5.4 The standard suggests that data be collected so that expenditures can be reported both for all serials and for individual formats because serial publications in all formats are an increasingly important factor in library budgets. See Section 6 Finances
1.5.5 Most data categories in the standard are common to current instruments used to collect data from academic, public, and school libraries by the federal government and other national agencies and associations. Beyond this common level, the standard identifies other data categories currently collected from one or more types of libraries but not from all. Those categories are identified in the database through metatags. The library types include: public, state, academic, school, special, network & cooperative.
1.5.6 Categories of data may be provided by a source other than the library. Therefore, a source notation is made in each Section category. The sources are: library, vendor.
1.5.7 The 2002 revision of this standard acknowledges national survey instruments as well as guidelines and "best practices." Therefore, the applicability of the definition, method and measurement require delineation. The applicability metatags are: local, state, national, and international.
1.5.8 A metatag has been included to advise the user whether the data category represents a total that can be aggregated. The aggregate metatags are: yes, no.
1.5.9 The e-metrics appear at the end of each category within each section. As with all other categories, the e-metrics include a definition, method for collecting, and measurement recommendation.
1.6 Using the Library Statistics Data Dictionary (LSDD)
There are a variety of navigation options within the LSDD, including
- Linking to specific categories, sections and subsections within the full data dictionary via the Table of Contents
- Browsing alphabetically in the Index to the Current Document
2 Reporting Unit and Primary Target Population
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1 Reporting Unit
The reporting unit varies by type of library but is generally the entity that has administrative and budgetary control.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: no
2.1.1 Academic Library
A library forming an integral part of a college, university, or other academic institution for postsecondary education, organized and administered to meet the needs of students, faculty, and affiliated staff of the institution. Note: An academic library's population may include undergraduate and graduate students as well as faculty. The central library facility normally reports for branch and independent libraries (e.g. law or medical libraries) of a particular institution or campus.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic
Aggregate: yes
2.1.2 Administrative Unit
Any independent library, or a group of libraries, under a single director or a single administration. Note 1: The term "independent" does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognizably separate unit, typically within a larger organization. Note 2: Typically the administrative unit is an organization containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.3 Bookmobile
A bookmobile is a traveling branch library. It consists of at least all of the following:
- A truck or van that carries an organized collection of library materials.
- Paid staff.
- Regularly scheduled hours (bookmobile stops) for being open to the public.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: public, school, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.4 Branch Library
A branch library is an auxiliary unit of an administrative entity which has at least all of the following:
- Separate quarters.
- An organized collection of library materials.
- Paid staff.
- Regularly scheduled hours for being open to the public.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.5 Government Library
A library maintained to serve any government service, department or agency, or parliament, including international, national and local (regional) government organizations.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.6 Health Services/Medical Library
A library which serves health service professionals in hospitals or elsewhere, whether in the private or public sector. Note: Pharmaceutical company libraries should be included under Industrial/Commercial Library.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.7 Industrial/Commercial Library
A library in any industrial enterprise or business firm, maintained by the parent organization to serve the information needs of its staff. Note: Includes libraries maintained by information and management consultants, manufacturing and service industries and libraries of commercial legal practices.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.8 Law Library
A typical law library will include in its collection a large number
of works not seen in other libraries, including a full set of United
States Reports, one or both of the unofficial U.S. Supreme Court
reporters, the West National Reporter System, the West American Digest
System, official reporters from various states, the Federal Register,
volumes of American Jurisprudence, bound volumes containing issues of
prominent law reviews from around the country, federal and state
statutes and regulations (such as the United States Code and Code of
Federal Regulations), and a variety of treatises, encyclopedias,
looseleaf services and practice guides.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.9 Library Cooperative
A Library Cooperative (network, system, and consortium) is an organization that has a formal arrangement whereby library and information services are supported for the mutual benefit of participating libraries. It must meet all of the following criteria:
- Participants/members are primarily libraries.
- The organization is a U.S. not-for-profit entity which has its own budget and its own paid staff.
- The organization serves multiple institutions (e.g., libraries, school districts) that are not under the organization's administrative control.
- The scope of the organization's activities includes support of library and information services by performing such functions as resource sharing, training, planning, and advocacy.
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: cooperative, network
Aggregate: yes
2.1.10 Main Library
A main or central library is a single outlet library or the library which is the operational center of a multiple-outlet library. Usually all processing is centralized here and the principal collections are housed here.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.1.11 National Library
A library that is responsible for acquiring and conserving copies of all relevant documents to the country in which the library is located; it may function as a legal deposit library. Note 1: It will also normally perform some or all of the following functions: produce the national bibliography, hold and keep up to date a large and representative collection of foreign literature including documents about the country; act as a national bibliographic information center; compile union catalogues; supervise the administration of other libraries and/or promote collaboration; coordinate a research and development service, etc. Note 2: The definition of 'national library' allows for more than one in a country.
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.12 Public Library
A library that serves all residents of a given community, district, or region, and (typically) receives its financial support, in whole or part, from public funds. Public libraries make their basic collections and services available to the population of their legal service area without charges to individual users. Products and services beyond the library's basic services may or may not be provided to the public, with or without individual charges. Individual charges may be assessed to library users outside the legal service area of the library. In addition to including the tax-supported municipal, county, and regional public libraries, this definition includes privately-and federally-controlled libraries governed by single board of trustees or other authority, and administered by a single director. Examples of public libraries include:
- A city library with its branches.
- A county, multicounty, or regional library with outlets functioning as branches.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: public
Aggregate: yes
2.1.13 School Library Media Center
A library that is an integral part of the educational program of an elementary or secondary school providing materials and services that meet the curricular, information, and recreational needs of students, teachers, and administrators. This entity may be called a library, media center, resource center, information center, instructional materials center, learning resource center, or some other name.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: school
Aggregate: yes
2.1.14 Special Library
A special library is a library within a business firm, professional association, government agency, hospital, research institution or other organized group; a library maintained by a parent organization to support a specialized clientèle; or an independent library that may provide materials or services or both to the public, or to other libraries. Special libraries are sometimes called information centers. Scope of collections and services are limited to the subject interests of the host or parent organization and usually have depth within those subject areas.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.1.15 State Library Agency
A State Library Agency is the official agency of a State charged by the law of that State with the extension and development of public library services throughout the State, and has adequate authority under the law of the State to administer State plans in accordance with the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA).
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: state
Aggregate: yes
2.2 Primary Target Population
The primary target population varies by type of library. It is the group of persons for which the library (reporting unit) has been established to offer services and from which it derives its identity. The primary target populations are noted in each subcategory. Secondary populations served are not included. It is recommended that library service mission, policies, and/or guidelines be consulted to understand the target populations for any given library or information organization.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
2.2.1 Academic Library Target Population
An academic library's target population may include undergraduates and graduate students as well as faculty.
- 2.2.1.1 Faculty: Full time.
- 2.2.1.2 Faculty: Part time.
- 2.2.1.3 Graduate and First Professional Students: Full Time.
- 2.2.1.4 Graduate and First Professional Students: Part Time.
- 2.2.1.5 Undergraduate Students: Full Time.
- 2.2.1.6 Undergraduate Students: Part Time.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic
Aggregate: yes
2.2.2 Network and Cooperative Target Population
The target population for a library network or cooperative is the participating libraries.
- 2.2.6.1 Academic Libraries.
- 2.2.6.2 Public Libraries.
- 2.2.6.3 School Library Media Centers.
- 2.2.6.4 Special Libraries.
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: cooperative, network
Aggregate: yes
2.2.3 Public Library Target Population
The target population of a public library is the population of the legal service area.
Population of the Legal Service Area
The total unduplicated population of those areas in a state that receive
library services. The population of unserved areas is not included in this
figure. Note 1: For states that have no overlapping jurisdictions, this
number will be identical to the state's total population of legal service
areas. Note 2: The state's most recent official state population figures
for jurisdictions in the state are used as the basis for calculating the
total unduplicated population of legal service areas.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: public
Aggregate: yes
2.2.4 School Library Media Center Target Population
The target population of a school library media center are both the students and faculty.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: school
Aggregate: yes
2.2.5 Special Library Target Population
The target population of a special library is the group of persons that the special library is intended to serve, generally the staff of the parent organization.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: special
Aggregate: yes
2.2.6 State Library Agency Target Population
The target population of a state library agency may include blind and
physically handicapped individuals, residents of State correctional
institutions, residents of other State institutions, State government
employees and the general public. Note: State library agencies may include
archives. The governance structure of archives is outside the scope of
this data dictionary.
Please refer to Appendix A for Methods of Measurement.
- 2.2.6.1 Blind and Physically Handicapped Individuals.
Outlets serving this user group may contain talking books on discs and tapes and books in Braille made available from the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, a division of the Library of Congress. In addition, these outlets may contain large print books for the visually handicapped and captioned films for the deaf. These outlets provide library materials and library services to blind or physically handicapped residents who have been certified by competent authority as unable to read or to use conventional printed materials as a result of physical limitations. - 2.2.6.2 General Public.
Outlets serving this user group function as the State-level equivalent of a local public library, providing books, other library materials, and electronic access to locally mounted and remote information resources for all State residents. These outlets serve the general public, regardless of whether they are open on a walk-in or referral basis. - 2.2.6.3 Residents of Other State Institutions.
Outlets serving this user group provide books, other library materials, access to other information resources and other library services to patients or residents of residential training schools, hospitals, nursing homes, and other general or special institutions operated or substantially supported by the State. - 2.2.6.4 Residents of State Correctional Institutions.
Outlets serving this user group provide books, other library materials, access to other information resources and other library services to residents of prisons, reformatories, and other correctional institutions operated or substantially supported by the State. - 2.2.6.5 State Government Employees, (executive, legislative, or
judicial).
Outlets serving this user group provide books, other library materials, access to other information resources and other library services to employees of all branches of State government.
Source: library
Applicability: international, national, state
Library Type: state
Aggregate: yes
3 Human Resources
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.1 Certified Library Media Specialist
Source: library
Applicability: local, national, state
Library Type: school, special
Aggregate: yes
3.2 Contributed Services Staff
Library staff, such as members of religious orders, whose services are valued by bookkeeping entries rather than by full cash transactions. Note: Does not include volunteers.
Source: library
Applicability: local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special
Aggregate: yes
3.3 Other Staff
Library employees without formal qualification in librarianship/information science or other relevant specialization, not included elsewhere.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.4 Professional Staff
Staff members doing work that requires professional education (the master's degree or its equivalent) in the theoretical and scientific aspects of librarianship; also, in some libraries, staff performing professional level tasks who, though not librarians, have equivalent education and training in related fields (e.g., archives, preservation or conservation, computer sciences, business administration, education).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.5 Qualified Specialist Staff
Library employees who have received training in a specialist discipline other than librarianship and/or information science. Note: The training may be by formal education or by means of an external period of work of a professional nature under supervision in a specialization such as accountancy, computing, staff management, bookbinding.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.6 Staff Training
Formal staff training received inside or outside of the library.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.6.1 Number of Staff Trained
Number of staff who have received formal training during the reporting period.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.6.2 Staff Hours of Training
Hours of formal training received by staff during the reporting period.
Source: library
Applicability: local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
3.7 Student Assistants
Student assistants, employed on an hourly basis whose wages are paid from funds under library control or from a budget other than the library budget, including College Work Study Program. Note: Does not include maintenance and custodial staff.
Source: library
Applicability: local, national, state
Library Type: academic, school, special
Aggregate: yes
3.8 Volunteers
Persons working on library tasks without payment. Note: Volunteers may receive token reimbursements or expense allowances.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special
Aggregate: yes
4 Collections
Documents held locally and remote resources for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired.
The library collection consists of all documents provided by a library for its users. Collections comprise documents held locally and remote resources for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired. Notes: Access rights may be acquired by the library itself, by a consortium and/or through external funding. Acquisition is to be understood as deliberately selecting a document, securing access rights and including it in the OPAC or other databases of the library. Interlibrary lending and document delivery are excluded. Does not include links to Internet resources for which the library has not secured access rights by legal agreements (e. g. legal deposit right), license or other contractual and/or co-operative agreement. Free Internet resources that have been catalogued by the library in its OPAC or a database should be counted separately (see ISO 2789 6.2.14).
The following terms apply to all categories within Collections and, to reduce duplication of term identification within categories and subcategories, precede specific categories of collections.
Access Rights
Rights for reaching or using the library collection. For the electronic
collection, this implies that the library has secured permanent or
temporary access for its users by law, license or other contractual and/or
co-operative agreement.
Addition (Acquisitions)
Document or item added to a collection during the reporting period.
Additions may be obtained, for example, by purchase, licensing, legal
deposit, donation, or exchange. Added physical units or added titles are
units or titles that have been cataloged according to Anglo-American
Cataloguing Rules or for which other inventory records have been made
available to users (e.g., minimal or provisional catalog records,
accession records, or records in a database file).
Document
Recorded information or material object which can be treated as a unit in
a documentation process [ISO/FDIS 5127]. Documents may differ in their
physical form and characteristics.
Holdings
Number of documents of a certain type (e.g. books and serials, microforms,
electronic serials) held locally or in remote resources for which access
rights have been acquired, at least for a certain period of time. To be
measured at the end of the reporting period. Note: Referred to as "stock"
in ISO 2798.
Physical Unit
An individual item of library materials. A physically coherent document
unit, inclusive of any protective devices, freely movable against other
document units.
- Note 1: Coherence may be achieved, for example, by binding or
encasement.
- Note 2: For printed documents, the term "volume" is used for the physical unit (see also volume). Examples of physical units are: a volume (books or serials); a linear foot (manuscripts and archives); a reel, sheet, or card (microforms); a sheet or bound atlas (cartographic materials); a film, slide, photograph, or picture (graphic materials); a disk, cassette, cartridge, or reel (sound recordings, motion pictures, and video recordings); and disks, tapes, or cartridges (computer files).
Title
The designation of a separate bibliographic whole, whether issued in one
or several volumes, reels, discs, slides, or other parts. Titles are
defined according to the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. A book or serial
title may be distinguished from other such titles by its unique
International Standard Book Number (ISBN) or International Standard Serial
Number (ISSN). This definition applies equally to print, audiovisual, and
other library materials. For unpublished works, the term is used to
designate a manuscript collection or an archival record series. Two
subscriptions to Science magazine, for example, are counted as one title.
When vertical file materials are counted, a file folder is considered a
title.
Volume
A single physical unit of any printed, typewritten, handwritten,
mimeographed, or processed work, distinguished from other units by a
separate binding, encasement, portfolio, or other clear distinction, which
has been cataloged, classified, and made ready for use, and which is
typically the unit used to charge circulation transactions. Either a
serial volume is bound, or it comprises the serial issues that would be
bound together if the library bound all serials.
Withdrawal
Document or item withdrawn from a collection during the reporting period.
Withdrawals may be effected, for example, by discarding, transferring, or
in the case of electronic resources by deletion from files or canceling
licenses.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.1 Archives and Manuscripts
Archives
The non-current records of an organization or institution preserved
because of their continuing value.
Manuscripts
Works written by hand or typed, including books, dissertations, letters,
speeches, music, legal papers, and printed forms completed by hand.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.1.1 Cubic Feet
A unit of measure for library buildings.
See www.itsmarc.com/crs/grph0201.htm for definition of cubic feet.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: no
4.1.2 Linear Feet Added
See www.itsmarc.com/crs/grph0200.htm for definition of linear feet.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.1.3 Linear Feet Held
See www.itsmarc.com/crs/grph0200.htm for definition of linear feet.
See Section 4.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2 Audio-Visual Materials
Materials that are displayed by visual projection or magnification, or
through sound reproduction, or both, including sound recordings, motion
pictures and video recordings, and graphic materials. Also included in
this category are special visual materials such as three-dimensional
artifacts and realia, and web-based audio-visual resources. Document in
which sound and/or pictures are prominent, and which requires the use of
special equipment to be seen and/or heard [ISO 5127-11].
- Note 1: This includes audio documents such as records, tapes, cassettes, audio compact discs, files of digital audio recordings; visual documents such as slides, transparencies, and combined audio-visual documents such as motion pictures, video recordings, etc. Microforms are excluded.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2.1 Audio-Visual Materials Additions--Physical Units
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2.2 Audio-Visual Materials Additions--Titles
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2.3 Audio-Visual Materials Holdings--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.2.4 Audio-Visual Materials Holdings--Titles
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3 Books and Serials (print materials)
Book
A non-serial printed publication of any length bound in hard or soft
covers or in loose-leaf format. Also called monograph. Includes sheet
music and Braille.
Print Materials
Materials consisting primarily of words and usually produced by making an
impression with ink on paper. Included in this definition are materials
that do not require magnification (books, journals, pamphlets, and
printed sheets including music and two-dimensional cartographic
materials), as well as printed materials that require magnification
(microforms). This also includes Braille materials.
Serial
A publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical
or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.
This definition includes periodicals, newspapers, and annuals (reports,
yearbooks, etc.); the journals, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc.
of societies; and numbered monographic series.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.1 Books and Serials Additions--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.2 Books and Serials Additions--Titles
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.3 Books and Serials Holdings--Titles
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.4 Books and Serials Holdings--Volumes
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.5 Current Serials Received Emetrics
Documents in print or in non-print form, issued in successive
parts, usually having numerical or chronological designations, and
intended to be continued indefinitely, whatever its
periodicity.
- Note 1: Serials published in electronic form only or in both electronic and other format. Note 2: Comprises serials held locally and remote resources for which access rights have been acquired, at least for a certain period of time. Note 3: Include duplicate subscriptions.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.5.1 Current Serial Titles Emetrics
Serial title refers to the bibliographic entity represented
regardless of the number of subscriptions to that entity in a given
format.
4.3.5.1.1 Electronic/Digital Serial Titles
4.3.5.1.2 Print/Microform Serial Titles
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
Subscriptions refer to the arrangements by which, in return for a sum paid in advance, periodicals, newspapers, or other serials are provided for a specified number of issues. These include print/microfilm subscriptions, and electronic/digital subscriptions. Note: Include duplicate subscriptions.
4.3.5.2.1 Electronic/Digital Subscriptions
4.3.5.2.2 Print/Microfilm Subscriptions
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.3.6 eBooks Emetrics
Digital documents, licensed or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and which can be seen in analogy to a print book (monograph). The use of eBooks is in many cases dependent on a dedicated device and/or a special reader or viewing software. Note 1: eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user's PC for a limited time period. Note 2: Doctoral dissertations in electronic format are included.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.4 Cartographic Materials
Materials representing in whole or in part the earth or any celestial body at any scale (e.g., maps and charts).
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.4.1 Cartographic Materials Additions--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.4.2 Cartographic Materials Holdings--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.5 Government Documents
Publications in book, serial, or other form of library material that are published by a government agency, e.g., the publications of federal, state, local, and foreign governments and of intergovernmental organizations to which governments belong and appoint representatives, such as the United Nations, Organization of American States, and the Erie Basin Commission graphic materials.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.5.1 Government Documents Additions--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.5.2 Government Documents Holdings--Titles
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.6 Graphic Materials
Opaque (e.g., two-dimensional) art originals and reproductions, charts, photographs or materials intended to be projected or viewed without sound, e.g., filmstrips, transparencies, photographs, posters, pictures, radiographs, slides, and collections of such materials.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.6.1 Graphic Materials Additions--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.6.2 Graphic Materials Holdings--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.7 Microforms
Photographic reproductions of textual, tabular, or graphic material reduced in size so that they can be used only with magnification. The two main types of microforms are micro reproductions on transparent material, including roll microfilm, aperture cards, microfiche, and ultrafiche, and reproductions on opaque material.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.7.1 Microforms Additions--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.7.2 Microforms Holdings--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8 Other Materials--Print and Electronic Emetrics
Non-electronic documents or items other than books; serials; manuscripts; printed music documents; microforms; cartographic, audio-visual or graphic documents; artifacts or patents separately specified in this standard.
Electronic documents or items include eBooks, databases, electronic serials and digital documents. Free Internet resources and other digital documents.
Electronic Collection
All resources in electronic form in the library collection. Note: The
electronic collection includes databases, electronic serials, and digital
documents. Free Internet resources which have been catalogued by the
library in its OPAC or a database should be counted separately.
Access Rights
Rights for reaching or using the library collection. For the
electronic collection, this implies that the library has secured
permanent or temporary access for its users by law, license or other
contractual and/or co-operative agreement.
- Note 1: This includes items such as dioramas and other
three-dimensional documents, games, toys, etc. Documents in Braille are
counted as print documents.
- Note 2: Multimedia documents. Documents combining different
information media (text, graphics, photos, video, audio) in digital
format. Multimedia documents are counted according to their main feature
or purpose (e.g., as database, electronic serial or digital
document).
- Note 3: Other Library Documents. Non-electronic documents or items
other than books, serials, manuscripts, printed music documents,
microforms, cartographic materials, audio-visual materials, or graphic
documents, separately specified in this standard. This includes items
such as dioramas and other three-dimensional documents, games, toys,
etc. Documents in Braille are counted as print documents.
- Note 4: Patents. Government documents
granting an inventor the sole right to use or license an invention
together with associated documentation.
- Note 5: Printed Music Documents. Documents, the essential content of which is a representation of music, normally by means of notes. May be in sheet or codex form.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.1 Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) Emetrics
Computer based information storage and retrieval medium based on laser technology that contains data in text and/or multimedia formats. CD-ROMs are counted according to its contents as database, digital document, or electronic serial.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.2 Computer Files Emetrics
The number of pieces of computer-readable disks, tapes, CD-ROMs, and similar machine-readable files comprising data or programs that are locally held as part of the library's collections available to library clients. Examples are U.S. Census data tapes, sample research software, locally mounted databases, and reference tools on CD-ROM, tape or disk. Note: Does not include bibliographic records used to manage the collection (i.e., the library's own catalog in machine-readable form), library system software, and microcomputer software used only by the library staff.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.3 Databases Emetrics
Collection of electronically stored data or unit records (facts,
bibliographic data, and texts) with a common user interface and software
for the retrieval and manipulation of the data.
- Note 1: The data or records are usually collected with a particular
intent and are related to a defined topic.
- Note 2: A database may be issued on CD-ROM, diskette, or other
direct access method, or as a computer file accessed via dial-up
methods or via the Internet.
- Note 3: When access to more than one licensed database is effected through the same interface, each database should be counted separately.
4.8.3.1 Abstract and Indexing Databases
Collection of bibliographic references analyzing and presenting on a
continuous basis periodical and/or other titles that usually relate to
a common discipline or geographic area. This includes electronic
reference and indexing tools which, if existed in print form, would be
counted as periodicals. The content of abstract and indexing databases
consists predominately of bibliographic references without associated
full text articles, although both may be represented in the
database.
4.8.3.2 Aggregated Full Text Databases
Collection of both bibliographic references and full text articles from
periodical and/or other titles presented on a continuous basis that may
relate to a common discipline or may provide multi-disciplinary
coverage. This includes electronic reference and indexing tools which,
if existed in print form, would be counted as periodicals. The content
of aggregated full text databases consists predominately of full text
articles rather than bibliographic references without associated full
text, although both may be represented in the database.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: no
4.8.4 Digital Documents Emetrics
Information unit with a defined content that has been digitized by the library or acquired in digital form as part of the library collection. This includes eBooks, electronic patents, networked audiovisual documents and other digital documents, e.g. reports, cartographic and music documents, pre-prints etc. Databases and electronic serials are excluded.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.5 Electronic Serials Emetrics
Serials published in electronic form only or in both electronic and other format. Note 1: Comprises serials held locally and remote resources for which access rights have been acquired, at least for a certain period of time and for which the institution has access rights. Note 2: Current Serials Received.(4.5) works in conjunction with this definition.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.6 Free Internet Resources Emetrics
The number of links to unique free Internet resources (web sites, digital documents, databases, electronic journals, etc.) which have been catalogued by the library in its OPAC or a database.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: no
4.8.7 Other Digital Documents Emetrics
Digital documents other than an eBook, networked audio-visual document or electronic patent, e.g. report, pre-print, cartographic or music documents, exhibits, etc., in electronic format.
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, cooperative, network, public, school,
special, state
Aggregate: no
4.8.8 Other Materials Additions--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes
4.8.9 Other Materials Holdings--Physical Units
See Section 4
Source: library
Applicability: international, local, national, state
Library Type: academic, public, school, special, state
Aggregate: yes